Newton Vehicle Project Essays - Copernican Revolution, Physics

Newton Vehicle Project Objective: Apply Newton's Third Law of Motion by building and designing a vehicle. Identify and manipulate variables that affect the performance of a vehicle and communicate the results of their activity through a demonstration. ESLRs: C. O. U. G. A. R. Scenario: The Valley School Automotives hired you to create a new vehicle using Newton's third law of motion, which describes an equal and opposite reaction to every action. In this project, you will use Newton's third law of motion to design and build a vehicle. Vehicle Requirements: A. This vehicle must travel forward 1.5 meters and completely cross the finish line by pushing backward on the floor, the air, or some other object. B. Your vehicle must use Newton's third law of motion to move forward; it must move forward by pushing backward on the floor, the air, or some other object. C. You must build your vehicle from scrap materials. Don't use a ready- made vehicle. D. The path of your vehicle should stay within a width of 1 meter. E. You are not allowed to interfere with the movement of your vehicle. You cannot give your vehicle a push as you launch it, and you cannot help it in any way as it travels from the starting line to the finish line. F. You cannot use any form of electricity or the pull of gravity to move your vehicle. This means that you cannot use a downhill ramp to get your vehicle started. G. You may use a "track" such as a toy car track or a string running from the starting line to the finish line to guide your vehicle. Not only will this help reduce friction, but it may also help you to keep your vehicle within the boundaries. H. Your vehicle does not have to move along the ground. If your vehicle moves through the air, you could use a string stretched between two chairs as a"track" to guide your vehicle. I. Vehicle can be no bigger than 24 x 12 x 12 (LxWxH) No smaller than 12 x 6 x 6 Written and Oral Requirements: 1. Initial Design with power source list 2. 2nd Design with Newton Laws Applied 3. 3rd Design with Friction and Gravity Forces applied 4. Testing Worksheet 5. Vehicle Demonstration including poster size diagrams of your vehicle that illustrate the forces that act upon it. 6. Explanation of Vehicle: a. How your vehicle works b. You should also be able to explain any modifications that you made to improve the performance of your vehicle. Project Hints and Suggestions Online Help There are several sites that offer help, designs or ideas for building a Newton Vehicle. If you chose to use the material you must print out the online information and include it with your initial design. (Yes, I know every site and design available online) Extra credit will be given to original ideas and to those who use online sources but are able to manipulate substantial changes to create a better vehicle. Materials Here are some ideas for materials to build your vehicle: recycled materials from home, toys or building-block sets, balloons, springs, straws, fishing lines, paper towel rolls Project Hints 1. Be creative! Don't limit yourself to vehicles that have wheels. Think about other ways that you could get your vehicle to move a distance of 1.5 meters. 2. The rules state that the vehicle has to stay within a width of 1 meter, but it is allowed to leave the ground! 3. What happens if you inflate a balloon and release it into the air? Can you use Newton's third law of motion to explain this movement? How could you use the balloon's movement to push your vehicle? Can you think of any other objects like this that you could use to push your vehicle? DEADLINES: Monday, October 30 Idea List Wednesday, November 1 Initial Design Friday, November 3 2nd Design with Newtons Laws applied Monday, November 6 3nd Design with Friction and Gravity forces applied Wednesday, November 8 Testing Worksheet Friday, November 10 Newton Vehicle Evaluation Sheet Monday, November 13 Demonstration & Presentation Newton Vehicle Testing Worksheet New cars aren't released to the public until after they have been tested and modified. Often, this stage of development can take months as the engineers and designers change features on the car to improve performance and safety. After you complete your vehicle, you too will need

Free Essays on God

My Father’s Vision Every day since I’ve been born, people have expected so much out of me. Try to imagine waking up in the morning, and not knowing what it is like to be imperfect. Every day I awake with a feeling that I don’t know what I am suppose to do in life. People pull and tug on me from all directions trying to influence my decisions. I live with my mom and my step-dad. I love my family more than anything. They are understanding of whom I am, and what I want to become in life. My step-dad works with his hands, and has taught me all the tricks of the trade. My mom is adored by mostly everyone, and she is just perfect. She gives me the space when I need to try and figure out things, but she is also my mother and I respect her. Respecting my mother is something that I take very seriously. Anyone that does not respect their mother is showing a sign of weakness. My father is a person that I talk to on an everyday basis. We have a very strong relationship that is built around communication. I often do not understand some of my father’s wishes or visions on what he wants me to do in life, but he respects me enough to let me make my own decisions. He is wise, and I know that I should always listen to what he has to say, but I feel like I need to live my life too. I am a young man in the prime of my life and often want to give into temptation, but through the communication between my father and me, I try to understand my role and act appropriately. I don’t understand why my father puts so much pressure on me, and I don’t always want to be put under such scrutiny. Every little thing I do he judges me. If I am talking to a group of people, he is there making sure I am speaking properly. Even when I am out with my friends, I don’t have the freedom to be goofy or just clown around for a while because I am so worried t hat I am going to make a mistake. I try to talk to my friends about the whole situation, but either th... Free Essays on God Free Essays on God My Father’s Vision Every day since I’ve been born, people have expected so much out of me. Try to imagine waking up in the morning, and not knowing what it is like to be imperfect. Every day I awake with a feeling that I don’t know what I am suppose to do in life. People pull and tug on me from all directions trying to influence my decisions. I live with my mom and my step-dad. I love my family more than anything. They are understanding of whom I am, and what I want to become in life. My step-dad works with his hands, and has taught me all the tricks of the trade. My mom is adored by mostly everyone, and she is just perfect. She gives me the space when I need to try and figure out things, but she is also my mother and I respect her. Respecting my mother is something that I take very seriously. Anyone that does not respect their mother is showing a sign of weakness. My father is a person that I talk to on an everyday basis. We have a very strong relationship that is built around communication. I often do not understand some of my father’s wishes or visions on what he wants me to do in life, but he respects me enough to let me make my own decisions. He is wise, and I know that I should always listen to what he has to say, but I feel like I need to live my life too. I am a young man in the prime of my life and often want to give into temptation, but through the communication between my father and me, I try to understand my role and act appropriately. I don’t understand why my father puts so much pressure on me, and I don’t always want to be put under such scrutiny. Every little thing I do he judges me. If I am talking to a group of people, he is there making sure I am speaking properly. Even when I am out with my friends, I don’t have the freedom to be goofy or just clown around for a while because I am so worried t hat I am going to make a mistake. I try to talk to my friends about the whole situation, but either th... Free Essays on God WHO IS GOD? In my life on this planet I have come to question many things that many take on as blind faith. We all know that someday we will ‘physically’ die, Yet, we continuously deny the forces working inside ourselves which want to search out the true outcome of what may or may not come after death. It’s far easier for humanity to accept that they will go on to a safe haven and be forgiven for all, rather than to question the existence of a super omnipotent being. Fortunately, there are some of us who tend to question the why’s and how’s that come before us. We question the creation of humanity and the religious teachings received from our parents, our church and our society. This paper examines the many rational arguments for and against the existence of God. It is based on the views of some of the great philosophers and scientists of our world. I will show that there is no sufficient proof or comprehensive arguments for the existence of God. ONTOLOGICAL AR GUMENTS God generally refers to one supreme, holy, personal being,. The divine unity of ultimate good-ness and of ultimate reality. St. Anselm of Canterbury developed what we have learned to be the ontological argument. He began his argument by saying that even a fool can grasp or understand the concept of â€Å"a being than of which nothing greater can be conceived.† He continues to state that a fool would say that the concept of this being’s existence is only in his mind and in the mind of others but not in reality. However he also admits to the possibility of this being existing in reality. Whatever is understood by the fool is argued that than which nothing is greater can be conceived cannot solely exist in the mind but also in reality, hence, God exists. This personally sounds like a salesperson's pitch to confuse and conquer for a sale. Gaunilo felt the same. He frequently debated with St. Anselm on behalf of the fool. He stated that it was not possible to v...

Compare and Contrast the metatheoretical assumptions that underly Essay

Compare and Contrast the metatheoretical assumptions that underly Idealism and Realism - Essay Example Idealism concerns itself with ideas and places its existence over the nature of the material world, that is, the material world must adhere to the ideas that are presented, whatever they may be. Idealism may be Subjective or Objective, depending on how the idealists view the existence of the sensing world. Idealism is said to be subjective when the external world is believed to be non-existent and that the world beyond sensation cannot be understood. However, it is said to be objective when the external world is the expression of the ideal forces, which may be expressed as the Will of God or the Absolute Idea, that the Mind has direct access with. Because of this latter belief, several methodologies were developed to aid this search for the Absolute Idea. One of the idealistic methods involves elemental analysis - concepts are divided into simple elements which are then subjected to simple and self-evident axioms similar to mathematical principles. In this method, complexity of the s ocial structure is reduced in its elemental form. Another method, considered as the most popular one is the a priori method - an object is understood in terms of logically deducing a general conception of its nature. In this method, premise development is critical in ensuring that the deduction is in its most accurate form. On the other hand, realism claims that ideas must adhere to what is experienced in this world, and hence, upon the materials present in this world (MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism). In this respect, the debate between idealism and realism is whether what comes first - ideas or materials - and what is more important to pursue. Both philosophical approaches have distinct impact in the operation of the world since their conception. Idealism is able to influence its mode of thinking in politics, philosophy and religion (Hutchison). In politics, Conservative and Liberal idealism takes the center stage. Because the nature of politics is concrete in terms of its actions, these political streams are commonly objective. Nevertheless, they have significant differences in how they act politically. First, the conservatives aim to restore a Golden Age from the past, whereas the liberalists seek to make progress through Utopia (Hutchison). Although the end goal is that of an ideal world, the way in which they view how and especially when to reach these goals is basically different. The conservatives were also more successful in their program. The Christian Republics in Geneva, early Massachusetts and Holland were flourished more than the experimental liberal Utopian communities in terms of economics and culture (Hutchi son). The impact of idealism in philosophy is seen from the development of German mode of thinking such as Existentialism, Postmodern Deconstructionism and the concept of the New Age (Hutchison). In religion, idealism was able to influence Greek Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic spirituality in terms of their divine missions. The Greek Orthodox monks, for instance, longs for the restoration of Eden; the Protestant church idealized the state of the early church characterized by simple small sects richly blessed by God; and the Catholics from the words of Pope Gregory VII who calls himself the "vicegerent of Christ" prophesize the restoration of Kingdom of Christ in the millennium or after it (Hutchison).

The Republican Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Republican Party - Research Paper Example The party dominated in almost every Northern state (Root & Hay 23). In the elections of 1860, the Republican Party emerged victoriously and dominated the course of politics until 1932, when the leader of the party was not capable of reversing the Great Depression. Republicans won the elections back from the Democrats in the 1960’s. From 1968-2004, the Republican Party emerged victorious in seven out of ten presidential elections. The Republicans supported the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which provided that; all individuals in the U.S. should be treated as citizens without creating discrimination on the basis of color, race or any condition existing before. The Old Republican Party Since its formation, in 1854, the Republican Party has supported and opposed various issues affecting the citizens and the economy of the United States. Traditionally, the party emerged to support issues such as laissez-faire capitalism, conservative social policies, and low tax policies. It was under the old Republican Party that the Civil Right Act of 1866 was passed. During the formation of the Republican Party in 1854, the chief agenda was to abolish the extension of slavery, which had increased during the time. The Republicans were against the Nebraska Act, which promoted slavery. ... The old Republicans supported the establishment and development of educational institutions; this is depicted by the support of the Land-Grant College Act, which led to the foundation of education centers throughout the country (Schwengel 90). This can also be seen with the establishment of Howard University, in 1867, by the Republicans. In addition, the old Republicans cared about the security of the citizens and established Buffalo soldiers. In addition, the Republicans opposed the legalization of the Ku Klux Klan, which was an outlawed group. The Modern Republican Party The Modern Republican Party, just like the old Republican Party, has faced several issues, some of which it has opposed and supported. The signing of the New Deal faced the Republicans’ opposition. The Republicans likened the New Deal to the promotion of socialism by the Democrats (Johnson & Smith 76). Later, the Republican Party split into two portions; with one division opposing the New Deal from its start to the end, and the other division partly supporting the New and promising to operate it efficiently. Although the modern Republicans split into two classes, which brought in a class of moderate Republicans, the Republican Party has continued to offer support for the establishment and development of tertiary education centers. They also advocate for the improvement of infrastructure and promote human security. During the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation was outlawed through a court order and Democrats took the opportunity to bring in a less educated electorate, which supported segregation (Westwood 38). This favored the Democratic Party at the expense of the Republican Party. The moderate Republicans supported the move while the liberal did not.  Ã‚  

Cuban Missile Crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cuban Missile Crisis - Assignment Example This essay will investigate this important aspect of the Cold War in terms of the causes, effects, and resolution to understand it better. In 1956, the Cuban Revolution began as an offensive rebellion against the US’s influence and control of the island nation. Under President Batista, whom the majority of Cuban nationals considered an American puppet; Cuba’s per capita income was greater than other comparative countries. However, the United States controlled most of the nation’s primary infrastructure. American companies controlled more than 90% of the island’s power and telecommunications infrastructure. Additionally, they owned half of Cuba’s railway assets and facilities, as well as control of over 40% of Cuba’s sugar production and export industry. Additionally, the country’s agricultural policy dictated the cultivation of sugar by the populace mandatory. By the time Batista was ousted from power, Cuba had the highest American investments in the Latin American region. Unfortunately, the distribution of these resources and any attached wealth was not equal. The pover ty gap was at an all-time high, which was ironical for a country with such high per capita scores. These were the beginnings of a dissent from the American influence over Cuba. In the years that followed 1956, Fidel Castro, Ernesto Che Guevara, and Castro younger brother Raul, orchestrated a series of guerilla attacks on the government’s forces in Mount Sierra Maestra. Immediately after defeating the government’s forces with the assistance of local farmers, Fidel Castro set up a shadow government that consisted of the former government’s ministerial figures. However, this shadow government did not last long as he dismissed them due to disagreements over his reform policies. Shortly after, he declared himself Prime Minister and assumed full control of Cuba. After taking over the Cuban leadership, Fidel Castro traveled to the United States to

Study On The Bride Comes To Yellow Sky History Essay

Study On The Bride Comes To Yellow Sky History Essay The short story The bride comes to Yellow Sky by Stephen Crane, tells the story of a Marshal, Jack Potter; who brings his new wife home to the frontier town of Yellow Sky in Texas. The story takes place in the early 1890s, in what used to be the Old West but which now is slowly and inevitably being civilized. The climax of the story is the stereotypical gunfight which the readers, through remarks like: He goes out and fights Scratchy when he gets on one of these tears, are being led to believe will take place between the local gunman and the Marshal. When Potter averts the gunfight, the reader senses that Stephen Crane not only confirms that such gunfights are a thing of the past, but that he is in fact describing the end of an era. The last frontier To understand the significance of the changes in Yellow Sky its essential to take a closer look at the influence the frontiers had on the people living there. The word frontier was borrowed from the French in the 15th century and means borderland, and normally applies to the region of a country that borders to another country. It is a North American phenomenon to give the word frontier the meaning of a region at the edge of a settled area. People living in the West had to be brave, tough and resourceful. The hard life in the frontiers changed the people. Frederick Jackson Turner made a Frontier thesis where he claims that it was the countrys westward expansion, the recurring frontiers, that forged the rugged and unique American identity. The American identity was forged in the junction between the savagery of wilderness and the civilization of settlement. The settlers developed the power to tame the wild, and the frontier environment promoted nationalism, individualism and democracy. Marriage When Potter comes home with his new bride, he feels that he have committed an extraordinary crime by not warning the town of his decision to marry the girl. He knows that the arrival of his new bride will bring about changes in the town, and is sure that the burning of the new hotel is the only thing that can exceed it. The bride is a symbol of the East and represents change, the transition from the Old West to the New West. Another sign of change is the fact that Potter has gotten married in the first place. Marshals in the Old West apparently did not marry. This was most likely a result of their need to be free of such domestic entanglements. In frontier towns, such as Yellow Sky, being a marshal was a dangerous job and not the kind of job a family man would like to have. The marshal was supposed to keep law and order in the town, and would have to deal with gunmen like Scratchy. Potters decision to marry shows that times have changed and his subconscious tells him that its safe to marry now. The last frontier is closed and the Indians are put in reservation. The West is settled and civilization has reached the Old West. The gunfighter A gunfighter is often described as a person who has got a reputation as being dangerous with a gun. Gunfighters, or gunslingers as they were also called, could be a bank robber, an outlaw or a murderer who took advantage of the frontier and tried to hide in the wilderness. From there they would take periodic raids. Some of the most know gunfighters from the Old West are Billy the Kid, The Dalton brothers, Jesse James, Sundance Kid and Butch Cassidy. A gunfighter could also be an agent of the state, a lawman. Some of the most famous lawmen are Wyatt Earp, Pat Garret and William Barclay Masterson. Scratchys description as a perfect wonder with guns leads the reader to understand that he is a gunfighter. This is confirmed when he further on is described as the last one of the old gang that used to hang out along the river. The fact that Potter usually goes out and fights Scratchy when he has turned loose with both hands, and lives to tell about it, indicates that Potter too is a gunfigh ter. Even though Scratchy is determined to preserve the good old days, his clothes reveal the extent to which even hi has been influenced by the East. Hi is described as a man in a maroon-coloured flannel shirt, made by some Jewish women on the east side of New York, and he is wearing boots that have red tops with gilded imprints, made by little sledding boys on the hillside of New England. His clothes are purchased for purpose of decoration rather then utilitarian value. The railroad The railroad played a major role in the civilization of the West. They moved the settlers and their supplies far into the wilderness, and provided what the region could not have had without it, the basis for a durable economy and for a permanent population to grow. From lonesome cowboys to sheep herders The building of the railroad also made way for a new business, the open-range cattle industry. In the period from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s, about two decades after the Civil War, an open-range cattle industry flourished, originating in Texas and Spanish Mexico. The Spaniards had in the 18th century been bringing cattle into Texas where they had been allowed to run wild and to multiply. At the end of the Civil War the cattle numbered about five millions. Texas ranchers learned that while the cattle only sold for as much as three or four dollars in Texas, they could get 35-40 dollars in northern markets. They decided to make the long journey north to the railroad towns where the cattle would be hauled into train wagons and driven to larger cities. The route from Texas to Abilene was 1.000 miles long and became known as the Chisholm Trail, named after Jesse Chisholm. It could take the cowboys up to two months to move the cattle from Texas to Abilene. If they moved them to fast the cattle would loose weight and it would be difficult to sell them. The most important cow towns in the West were Abilene, Ellsworth, Wichita, Dodge City and Caldwell. Many of the cowboys were former soldiers from both the Confederacy and the Union, who came home to ruined hometowns and found no future there. They went west to seek work. By 1870 cattle ranches had spread northward into present-day Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. Between 1860 and 1880, the cattle population in these areas increased from 130,000 to 4.5 million. In some of the cow towns the citizens got nervous when the cattlemen stayed to long, due to delays in the shipping or other herd conditions, so the town councils hired gunmen as a police force to keep order. Despite its huge success the cattle kingdom came to an end in the late 1880s. There were several factors that lead to the end of the open range. Two disastrous winters and a blistering summer in 1886-1887 killed many cattl e and the once that made it to the market were in such a bad shape that the prices plummeted. The open range were also being settled by farmers, and the fact that the farmers had started using barbed wire around their properties also made it hard for the cattlemen to find water and food enough for the herds. The cattle kingdom never recovered. The West was being settled and the time of the lonesome cowboy was over. Code of the West The further west the frontier came the more the people gave up their identity as Europeans and became Americans. This change made way for a new code of behaviour, The code of the West. This code came as a result of that there were no laws on the rangeland. The lack of written laws made it necessary for the people to make their own laws. These laws were never written down but they were respected everywhere on the range. The code represented a way of life that had its base in hospitality, loyalty, respect for the land and fair play. Earlier the people had followed the British common law that said you had to have your back to the wall before you could use deadly force to protect yourself. This changed and when threatened you no longer had a duty to retreat. In 1876 an Ohio court said that if you were attacked you no longer were obligated to fly. Some of the guidelines in the code were: Dont inquire into a persons past. Take the measure of a man for what he is today. Never order anything weaker than whiskey. Dont make a threat without expecting dire consequences. Always fill you whiskey glass to the brim. Never shoot an unarmed or unwarned enemy. This was also known as the rattlesnake code: always warn before you strike. However, if a man was being stalked, this could be ignored. Never shoot a woman no matter what. Honesty is absolute your word is your bond, a handshake is more binding than a contract. When approaching someone from behind, give a loud greeting before you get within shooting range. The code of the West, online Scratchy is clearly a person used to living by the code. He is expecting dire consequences when he walks around the town yelling ferocious challenges at the townspeople. He has been drinking his whiskey and is looking for a fair fight. When Potter rounds the corner Scratchy immediately accuses him of sneaking up on him, and thereby violating the code. Potter is abel to avert the gunfight when he says he is not armed, and as the code says: honesty is absolute. The code prevents Scrarhy from shooting, as he is not supposed to shoot an unarmed man. The townspeople also demonstrate that they to a certain point still honour the law by measuring Scrathy by what he is today and not by his past. They know he used to be a gunfighter, and yet the town seems to accept him, like a remnant from the past. As the frontier closed and the Cowboys had lost their position as rulers of the open range, the written laws caught up with the West, and the code became of less importance. The town seems to hav e realised this, but Scratchy clings to the life of the Old West.

Essay --

In today’s time, media has impacted everyone in the society. The entertainment world shows everything there is to consider in our present time. Whether it is good or bad, it is expected to be seen in the movies, TV shows and advertisements. Today, sexual scenes and pornography are just some of what entice young viewers to explore their sexuality. These are often related to sexual behaviors, in which are frequently very risky to both actors and viewers. The technological advancement that we have today creates ways for people to further discover their sexuality. Video cameras and Internet has come hand in hand in performing dangerous sexual acts. Nowadays, young teenagers view sexual behavior in association of pornography. In relation to the Health Belief Model, teenagers often perceive risky sexual behavior as â€Å"normal† part of puberty. They perceive sexual activity as a reward as being a teenager. Risky sexual acts are perceived as a â€Å"feel good, must have† idea. Teenagers see the benefits of being accepted in the crowd, and feeling like grown-ups. They often do not see the negative consequences of the action, due to what is repeatedly shown in media. And because of that, the Social Cognitive Theory shows that risky sexual behavior is affected by the individual’s beliefs and the environmental factors. Of course, self-efficacy plays a big role to allow teenagers to perform such risky behaviors. Another model that applies to risky sexual behavior is the Theory of Planned Behavior. Due to normative beliefs of teenagers that the society welcomes sexual performance, they think that they should perform similarly. As well as the perceived control of action, teenagers believe that as a teen, they are in the stage of exploring ... ...Behavior. In our modern times, we can hardly find someone who does not know about pornography. Our sexuality in this advance age has become easy to experiment and manipulate. As sexual beings, we have mainly focused on our benefits from pornography. We have disregarded the different results that could be caused by it. Though we have seen pictures and heard stories regarding violence and assaults, we continue to our patronage to these industries. The next time we search for porn, maybe we should first think about the people in the explicit pictures and obscene videos. Do we know if the pleasure we are getting from the videos as satisfying for them? Are they making pornographic films for pleasure? Or are they forced to be part of this industry in order to survive a living? Perhaps, we have only set out our eyes on what is only seen and not on what is behind it.

Easyjet and the Recession

CONTENTS PAGE 1. – Introduction_________________________p. 3 2. – Application__________________________p. 4 2. 1. – Easy Jet profile__________________p. 4 2. 2. – PESTEL Analysis__________________p. 4 2. 3. – Porters Five Forces________________p. 5 2. 4. – SWOT__________________________p. 7 3. 0. – The Challenge_______________________p. 7 4. 0. – Recommendation____________________p. 8 5. 0. – References_________________________p. 8 1. – INTRODUCTIONAccording to Boddy (2008), management refers to the process of bringing together individuals with the sole intention of achieving desired objectives, aims and goal using available resources effectively. Composed of several vital tenets, this paper seeks to establish the relation between management and the Competing Values Framework (CVF), and how the model can effectively be implemented and their influences in an organization. Boddy settles that CVF is the most significa nt model used in determination of organizational culture with a deeper focus on a value dimension.These dimensions include the micro emphasis and organization structure, significant factors in organizational management. Management comprises of five major functions namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling and co-ordination. As such, the effective functioning of these major tenets forms essences of management with a greater concentration on long term and short term effects. One key factor of management is planning. Through planning, management is able to secure and allocate human resources, financial resources, technological resources as well as natural resources to support the predominant objectives (Stewart, 1963).On the other hand, organizing requires that managers establish a structure of working relationships to allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals. Tentatively, leading requires managers not only to articulate a clear vision for organizational members to follow but also energize and enable organizational members to appreciate and understand the part they play in achieving organizational goals. Controlling entails the process of evaluation of how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance.It is based on the fact that managing an activity effectively depends on periodically monitoring and evaluation. Separate activities inevitably need co-ordination and control lest they fail to achieve what is expected of them (Knights & Wilmott, 1999). Even then, it calls for managers to understand and apply the Competing Values Framework which basically empowers them to appreciate conflicting values and integrate them successfully, so that their organizations are open to collaboration and growth.Through the competing values framework, they are able to oversee teams that work towards opposite goals and integrating them at the right time, so that each value can be developed successfully. Burns (2004) clearly demonstrated the role management and ascertained that management typically involves working in a highly fragmented way. Managers play interpersonal roles, where they serve as organizational figure heads, leaders and liaison. Moreover, they play informational roles whereby they serve as informational monitors, disseminators of information and organizational spokespersons.In addition, they play decisional roles where they are organizational entrepreneurs, handle disciplinary cases, resource allocators and are organizational negotiators (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2001). To effectively play these roles, managers need the support of others and hence, they must not take that support for granted. This means, they must do things in a way that maintains an acceptable degree of internal and external support. 2. – APPLICATION 2. 1. – Easy Jet profile Easy Jet Airline Company is an excellent example of a no-frills airline based in Londo n. Stelios Haji-Ioannou founded the company in 1995.The carrier copies the Texas based low cost carrier. It has reduced its fare to almost one-third the amounts charged by State sponsored airlines like British Airways. The company mostly focuses on direct selling as a key part of controlling cost. It has the company’s URL painted on both sides of the Jets in its trademark orange. Easy Jet bases its idea on the principle that the determining factor in air transport is price elasticity. Initially, airlines operated on the assumption that the number of passengers grows in line with the economy and cutting of conveyance fees will result to reduced revenue.Easy Jet operates on 125 routes from 39 European airports. Its main airports are Luton, Liverpool, Geneva, and Amsterdam and were operating 72 aircrafts by November 2003 (Easy Jet Airline Company). The company’s mission statement is to provide customers with a safe, good value point-to-point air services. To ensure consis tent, reliable product and fares, appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European Routes. Evidently, Easy Jet is in mass transport business. It focuses on leisure and business travellers offering them point to point air transport with safe, good value.Easy Jet as at 30 September 2009 had a staff of 8,000 people throughout Europe (Easy Jet Airline Company). 2. 2. – PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analyses are the factors that are likely to have an impact on the airline business and they need to be taken into consideration when formulating a working marketing plan for Easy Jet. Political Factor Due to the war going on in Iraq, Afghanistan and the rest of Middle East, the threat of airline attacks and air jacking is eminent. This is likely to reduce the numbers of routes to the Middle East, thereby reducing the evenue. The government does not consider air mile a taxable benefit this may give Easy Jet a level ground to compete against the State sponsored airline like Brit ish Airways. The possible East enlargement of European Union may provide viable new markets for the Easy Jet. The dynamic nature of the economy causes constant price fluctuation. This leads to increase in prices of fuel, which affects the net profit of a company, which in return reduces the amount Easy Jet, can commit to corporate social responsibility (Henry 2008). Economic FactorEasy Jet Airline is likely to be affected by increasing fuel costs, congestion, and other environmental restrictions such as noise and air pollution. In addition, there is a prospect of increased security and insurance costs to reflect the risk posted by terrorism. There is also recession, which is likely to last for a longer time this will cause business and leisure travellers to check on their travelling expenses. More business emerged for Easy Jet after the introduction of a single currency, which makes Europe, integrated (David 2001).Technological Factor Improvement in technology will have an effect on Easy Jet. This technological advancement is such as use of internet on booking of tickets, advertising, distribution, and cost synergies from industry consolidation (Henry 2008). The key issue to Easy Jet is whether these improved technologies are going to offset the upward pressure on prices and costs. For Easy Jet to gain competitive advantage they have to keep abreast with the advancement in the field of e-commerce and aircraft manufacture.Improvement in technology increasingly becomes cheaper reducing barriers to entry for competitors to join. This may result to a reduced level of profits for the Easy Jet. To counter this, research and development expenditure acts as an obstruction to deter potential entrants into the markets, this give Easy Jet a more competitive advantage over their rivals in the airline industry (David 2001). Social Factor Easy Jet values the safety of their customers, airline, and its staff. This mission statement motivates and attracts passengers to fly ag ain after assurance of safe and secure flights.Easy Jet must be heavy internet dependent for booking and checking of flights. Therefore, to satisfy customers, quick and easy service method needs to be adopted. Easy Jet maintains high, career standards, which lead to staffs to commit themselves on an excellent standard service (Henry 2008). 2. 3. – Porters Five Forces To get a better analysis of the airline industry, there is a need to use porter’s five forces. The concepts determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of company to survive in a given market.The Threat of Substitute There is minimal competition from other alternative means of transport. The cost and time advantage of aircrafts outweighs the comfort of cars and train. Easy Jet has partly addressed this issue by providing low cost flight that has seen an increase in customer because it is first and convenient. Although, other means may be cheap but delays caused by breakdown and traffic makes cus tomers opt to travel on air (Porter 2008). The Threat of New Entrants Threats of new entrants are minimized by high capital requirements.Easy Jet started on a loan of 5 million Euros and had two aircrafts. The investment needed an initial sum of 50 Euros, which it raised to speed up expansion plan through debts. The company has purchased other airlines through acquisition and has made it have a competitive advantage over other players in the market. Easy Jet have to be aware of new entries that come with new innovate ways of doing business and incentives that will attract customers. The company should have strategies that will see it survive in this industry (David 2001).The Power of Suppliers Easy Jet Company has less power to alter the prices of fuel as prices of fuel relate directly to cost of fuel. Easy Jet operates a single type of aircraft until recently. This dependency on one manufacture could pose a serious threat in the future (David 2001). The expansion and the acquisitio ns the company has made the bargaining power on its suppliers has increased. The purchase of low cost carrier has helped the company to offer better services to its customer and retain them (Porter 2008). The Power of BuyersPower of buyers in the airline industry is much stronger because customers will window shop for better price. The customers usually exploit existence of price discrepancies; this means that the operator must regularly keep watch on the prices. Easy Jet needs to establish the customers’ loyalty because of low switching costs (Porter 2008). Rivalry among Existing Firms Easy Jet faces a lot of competition in UK. Among its key rivals is Ryan air, BMIbaby, MyTravelLite and Buzz. In its expansion plan, Virgin express, Hapag Lloyd Express and Air Berlin might become major competitors.British Airways is also a competitor though it targets other markets segments. Easy Jet focuses on offering convenient services for instance flex fare that allows free of charge chan ges to flight within a window. The company also gives its customer the option to transfer on to an earlier without extra charge. This has made the company enjoy a large market and remain competitive in the industry (Porter 2008). 2. 4. – SWOT Strengths †¢Strong e-business. †¢Innovative and flexible organization. Weaknesses †¢No customer retention policy. †¢Unappealing for business travellers. Opportunities †¢Reduced aircraft prices The recession: Favourable, as people are more con-conscientious. Threats †¢Difficulties to expand. †¢Saturated market. 3. 0. – THE CHALLENGE A recession refers to a period of economic decline or contraction in the Gross Domestic Product for six months or longer, but does not last longer than a year. It is characterized by high levels of unemployment, stagnant wage rates and decline in sales. Typically, recessions are considered a normal part of a capitalist economy and there has not been an obvious cause of a recession though most of the time, the blame falls on the federal leadership.As such, recessions portend negative and positive consequences (Handy, 1988). One of the positive effects is realized in cases of layoffs. This period provides employees an opportunity to evaluate and re-evaluate their career choices, work, skills and opportunity to secure other better jobs. As such it is a chance to invest in other potential business ventures. Many experts have termed a recession as a relaxed ambiance for starting a small business after which one can work their way to the top.Moreover, a recession presents an opportunity to save as people are hesitant to spend. Tentatively, recessions are characterized by low mortgage rates in the process providing an opportunity to invest in property. In addition, recessions lead to greater consumer and travel deals as stores offer discounts and encourage bargains to attract consumers and entice purchasing of their products (Collinson, 1992). Despite t he positive sides of recession, it presents detrimental negative consequences. It is important that to note that this process leads to lower conomic activity, falling stocks and slumping dividends and extensive retrenchment otherwise known as laying off employees. Because of this, the effect of recession in an organization cannot be underestimated. During this economic droop, there are reported cases of falling stocks, credit impairment and bankruptcy, employee layoffs and benefit reduction, cuts to quality goods and services and reduced customer access tale place (Mintzberg, 1979). This causes a discrepancy in the business operations and consequently negatively impacts its profitability. . 0. – RECOMMENDATION A business operating over a recession period, is subjected to a high risk environment, thus, the recommendable CVF model to adopt is the open systems model. The model has proved effective in steering many organizations through continuous adaptation and innovation (Pugh, 1990). The model not only encourages creative problem solving, innovation and management of change. This has lead to the acquisition and keeping of necessary external resources needed for organizational success and improved performance. . 0. – REFERENCES Boddy, D. 2008. Management: An Introduction (4th ed. ) London: FT Prentice Hall. Burnes, B. 2004. Managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Organizational Dynamics, 4thed. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education. Collinson, D. 1992. Managing the Shop floor. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. David, F, (2001), Strategic Management: Concepts & Cases, Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River. Easy Jet Airline, Available at < http://www. easyjet. com> [May 2012]. Handy, CB. 1988. Understanding Organizations. London: Penguin.Henry, A, (2008), Understanding Strategic Management, Oxford University Press Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D. 2001. Organizational Behavior: An Introductory Text. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Knights, D. and Wilmott, H. 1999. Management Lives. London: Sage. Mintzberg, H. 1979. The Nature of Managerial Work. Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall Porter, M, (2008), On Competition, Harvard Business School Pub: Boston. Pugh, DS. 1990. Organization Theory: Selected Readings. London. Penguin. Stewart, R. 1963. The Reality of Management. London. Heinemann.

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted)

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Participation rate has a huge impact on state average SAT / ACT scores. In any state, the top students on the SAT/ACT are those most eager to take it, so states with low participation rates have artificiallyhigher SAT / ACT scores. Here, we use advanced statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real ranking of states by their real SAT and ACT scores. Both the SAT and the ACT test makers have released data on raw average SAT and ACT scores by state. However, you cannot rely on raw average scores because these averages are biased by participation rates. The lowest participating states tend to send primarily their best students and have the highest scores. This results in bias. We have used advanced, robust statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real, underlying, normed average SAT and ACT scores by state. This adjustment in the technical literature is also known as "controlling" or "norming". Hereare the adjusted scores: States Ranked by AverageSAT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average SAT Score,Adjusted Average New SAT Score,Adjusted Raw Average SAT Score Participation Rate 1 Massachusetts 1694 30 1556 84% 2 Connecticut 1690 26 1525 88% 3 Minnesota 1660 07 1786 6% 4 New Jersey 1655 04 1526 79% 5 Illinois 1652 01 1802 5% 6 New Hampshire 1651 01 1566 70% 7 North Dakota 1649 1099 1816 2% 8 Virginia 1648 1099 1530 73% 9 South Dakota 1648 1099 1792 3% 10 Iowa 1648 1098 1794 3% Wisconsin 1644 1096 1782 4% 12 Vermont 1640 1093 1554 63% 13 Colorado 1635 1090 1735 14% 14 Missouri 1633 1089 1771 4% 15 Michigan 1628 1086 1784 4% 16 Kansas 1621 1081 1753 5% 17 Georgia 1620 1080 1445 77% 18 Indiana 1612 1075 1474 71% 19 Florida 1609 1073 1448 72% 20 Nebraska 1604 1070 1745 4% 21 Wyoming 1600 1067 1762 3% 22 Kentucky 1596 1064 1746 5% 23 New York 1593 1062 1468 76% 24 North Carolina 1592 1062 1483 64% 25 Oregon 1587 1058 1544 48% 26 Maryland 1586 1057 1468 78% 27 Washington 1585 1057 1519 63% 28 Idaho 1585 1056 1364 100% 29 South Carolina 1584 1056 1443 65% 30 Hawaii 1584 1056 1460 63% 31 Tennessee 1581 1054 1714 8% 32 California 1579 1053 1504 60% 33 Ohio 1577 1051 1652 15% 34 Arizona 1568 1045 1547 36% 35 Pennsylvania 1567 1044 1481 71% 36 Oklahoma 1565 1043 1697 5% 37 Rhode Island 1563 1042 1480 73% 38 Montana 1558 1039 1637 18% 39 Alaska 1555 1037 1485 54% 40 Mississippi 1552 1035 1714 3% 41 Arkansas 1551 1034 1698 4% 42 Utah 1540 1027 1690 5% 43 Texas 1539 1026 1432 62% 44 Nevada 1526 1017 1458 54% 45 New Mexico 1524 1016 1617 12% 46 Delaware 1522 1015 1359 100% 47 District of Columbia 1518 1012 1309 100% 48 Louisiana 1517 10 1667 5% 49 Maine 15 1008 1387 96% 50 Alabama 1496 998 1617 7% 51 West Virginia 1444 963 1522 15% Each state is listed with its SAT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normed SAT score, the new SAT conversion, the raw SAT score, and the participation rate. The top two states for normed SAT scores are Massachusetts and Connecticut. This isn't a surprise. Both states have relatively large education budgets. Massachusetts (home state of PrepScholar) and Connecticut have some of the best colleges in the USA, and both have a strong emphasis on high school education and test prep. The bottom two states are Alabama and West Virginia. The spread between the top and bottom is more than a whopping 250 points around the same improvement our PrepScholar Online Prep program guarantees. States Ranked by Average ACT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average ACT Score,Adjusted Raw Average ACT Score Participation Rate 1 Minnesota 23.04 22.9 76% 2 Connecticut 22.93 24.2 29% 3 Massachusetts 22.72 24.3 23% 4 New Hampshire 22.63 24.2 20% 5 Ohio 22.47 22 72% 6 Montana 22.42 20.5 100% 7 Vermont 22.32 23.2 29% 8 Colorado 22.31 20.6 100% 9 New York 22.27 23.4 27% 10 Nebraska 22.20 21.7 86% Wisconsin 22.04 22.2 73% 12 Kansas 22.02 22 75% 13 Utah 21.97 20.8 100% 14 South Dakota 21.93 21.9 78% 15 Illinois 21.87 20.7 100% 16 Missouri 21.80 21.8 76% 17 North Carolina 21.79 18.9 100% 18 Virginia 21.79 22.8 28% 19 New Jersey 21.78 23.1 25% 20 Indiana 21.73 21.9 40% 21 Idaho 21.71 22.4 45% 22 Florida 21.66 19.6 81% 23 Washington 21.60 23 22% 24 North Dakota 21.57 20.6 100% 25 Iowa 21.49 22 68% 26 California 21.41 22.3 29% 27 South Carolina 21.37 20.4 58% 28 Georgia 21.34 20.8 53% 29 Arkansas 21.21 20.4 93% 30 Michigan 21.21 20.1 100% 31 Tennessee 21.16 19.8 100% 32 Wyoming 21.14 20.1 100% 33 Maryland 21.07 22.6 22% 34 Kentucky 21.07 19.9 100% 35 Pennsylvania 21.04 22.7 19% 36 Alabama 21.01 20.6 80% 37 Rhode Island 20.99 22.9 16% 38 Oregon 20.88 21.4 36% 39 Texas 20.78 20.9 40% 40 Nevada 20.76 21.2 36% 41 Hawaii 20.73 18.2 90% 42 Oklahoma 20.72 20.7 75% 43 Delaware 20.69 23.2 18% 44 West Virginia 20.69 20.6 65% 45 Alaska 20.63 21 37% 46 Maine 20.56 23.6 9% 47 District of Columbia 20.41 21.6 37% 48 Louisiana 20.37 19.2 100% 49 Arizona 20.12 19.7 55% 50 Mississippi 20.04 19 100% 51 New Mexico 20.04 19.9 69% Each state is listed with its ACT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normedACT score, the raw average ACT score, and the participation rate. The top states are Minnesota, another stated renowned for its education, and Connecticut (also on the top SAT scores list). The bottom states on this normed ACT list are Mississippi and New Mexico. We’ve presented our results first because we know that’s what most people are looking for. However, it's important to understand why average SAT / ACT scores are important, why adjustingis critical, and how we did the norming. Below, we get into those details. Why Are Average SAT / ACT Scores by State Important? For some, knowing state average test scores is fun trivia: my state is the best and smartest. But for many students and parents, knowing state average SAT / ACT scores can be critical. For students applying for scholarships, many scholarships are more competitive in "smarter" states. For students who want to compare themselves totheir in-state peers, the scores above are also very useful. For families thinking of moving states, they may want to make sure their target state has a good education system. For researchers and education designers, this data helps them see which state systems are working and which ones may be failing. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Why Is Adjusting (aka Controlling, or Norming)Needed? You absolutely cannot rely on raw average SAT / ACT scores to gauge state performance!This is because raw SAT / ACT scores are terribly confounded with participation rates. The reason is simple. Let's look atthe SAT. The best SAT students in any state tend to be the most aggressive about wanting to take the test (after all, it shows them in a good light). Therefore, if a state’s SAT participation is low, the state will only have the best students taking it, making the score artificially high. Likewise, if a state requires the SAT, it will have 100% participation but also include the worst SAT takers, making the score artificially low. In fact, the highest raw SAT state is North Dakota, which also has the flimsiest participation at 2%. Because the participation rate is so low, that means few, if any, schools in North Dakota require the SAT, so the only people who take it are those who really want to and went out of their way to take the test. These people likely studied for the SAT, are naturally good at the SAT, and can expect to do better than average. The lowest raw SAT state is Washington DC, which also has the highest participation at 100%. Likewise, this indicates that the district required everyone to take the SAT, so even students who didn't want to take it at all had to take it and this last group probably didn't study much and aren't naturally good at the SAT. We can see this negative relationship between participation rates and SAT / ACT scores in the two graphs below. On each X-axis, you see the participation rate expressed as a decimal (for example, .50 means half the people participated.) On the Y-axis, you see average SAT or ACT score. The pattern is stunningly clear: States with higher participation rates in either test almost always have much lower scores. Raw SAT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate Raw ACT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate This pattern would cause terrible bias if you were to judge a state by its raw SAT or ACT averages. You would be giving a highly unfair advantage to states with low participation rates which can showcase their best students. In fact, participation rates explain the vast majority (more than 80%) of natural variation in SAT scores and ACT scores. This means that correcting for participation rates is absolutely necessary. How Is the AdjustingDone? Basically, the adjusting is done when we take one state’s raw test scores and compare them toother states with similar participation rates. For example, take Massachusetts, with itsraw SAT average score of 1556. If you look at this score by itself, it’s not impressive pretty middle of the pack. But Massachusetts has an SAT participation rate of 84% one of the highest in the nation. Therefore, during adjustment, we compare this against a state with a similar participation rate: for example Maryland, with a rate of 78%. We see Maryland has an SAT score of 1468 and thus Massachusetts is actually very impressive when compared to peer states with similar participation rates. As a researcher with both a Master’s in statistics and a Doctorate in economics, including economic statistical methods, I ensured that the method used above is robust. That is, I made sure I used as much information as possible during norming to infer the SAT / ACT scores that each state would have gotten if they had the same participation rates. The methods I used should be rather immune to slight errors in the assumptions, and few assumptions were made to begin with. I also documented all my methods here so any other statistician can replicate my results to verify they are true [1]. How Are State Averages Useful for Students? One of the ways state average scores are most useful for students is as a peer group to compare to. If you want to know what a good, bad, or excellent SAT is or ACT score is, then these state averages provide a reference. However, you should understand that you can be more than average. You can improve your score and beat your state average, sometimes by a substantial amount, if you prep for the SAT and ACT. In fact, some of the top states in the list above, Massachusetts and Connecticut, are well-known for some of their top prep shops. Get started today! What's Next? Want to know how well you did on the SAT / ACT or what score you should be aiming for? Learn what's a good SAT score and what's a good ACT score! Interested in more information to help you understand this data? Check out average SAT scores by state and average ACT scores by state.These articles can help you understand how well your state is doing and how your test scores compare to other students within your state. Want to improve your test scores?Check out ourguides to learn 15 tips forraising your SAT score and your ACT score. [1] The full method I used was linear regression on states as observations (N=51). The regression was of both SAT scores onto participation rates on both the SAT and ACT, their interactions, and their second powers, as well as a constant. An analogous regression was made for SAT scores. The SAT score residual from this regression was added to the statewide average SAT score to get predicted SAT scores of all states if they had the same participation rate namely that of the average state. It turns out that simple one element regression of SAT scores on SAT participation rates captures the vast majority of variation of the full regression, so similar results should hold in this more robust base case. Participation rates explained up to about 80% of the variation in both SAT and ACT scores, and, therefore, this correction is substantial. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Nifedipine for High Blood Pressure essays

Nifedipine for High Blood Pressure essays Nifediine is a calcium slow-channel blocker and an antianginal drug that selectively inhibits the influx of calcium ions into both cardiac muscle. In addition it dilates arteries and arterioles of the heart and inhibits coronary spasms, which improves oxygen delivery. In addition it has a mild effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. Usually this change is small, i the range of 5 - 10 hg, but sometimes the Nifepidine treats vasoplastic angina when that angina has been confirmed either by documentation of classical angina pattern; provocation of angina with ergonovine, or as confirmed on an angiogram. It treats chronic angina when beta-blockers or nitrates have failed or in patients who do not tolerate those medications well. There are several warnings regarding nifedipine. Some patients experience marked drops in low blood pressure, sometimes but not always when used in combination with a beta-blocker. Documented incidents of severe hypotension followed by myocardial infarction and death from nifedipine have been noted, and it should not be used to achieve blood pressure reduction. There are no well-done studies demonstrating safety or efficacy for nifedipine when used this way and its use for control of essential hypertension is contra-indicated. Close monitoring is required when a patient taking nifedipine or Procardia also is taking medication to In addition there is some clinical evidence that nifedipine or Procardia may reduce platelet aggregation. No specific warnings are given regarding dental care, although it should be noted that nifedipine has a ...

Case Briefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Briefs - Essay Example Gilson initiated an action against the Metropolitan Opera as well as the Lincoln Center for negligence and for violation of certain provisions of the City Building Code. Consequently, the trial court set aside the allegation against Lincoln Center, it being an out of possession lessor. On appeal, the Appellate Court reversed the ruling of the trial court which denied the Metropolitan opera's motion for summary judgment pronouncing that there were questions of fact "including, but not limited to whether defendant maintained the stairs aisles in dangerous manner thereby causing a dangerous condition which caused the plaintiff's accident." Whether or not the Metropolitan Opera House can be held liable for negligence for the injury sustained by Estelle Gilson, by allowing Donald Taitts to return to his seat after the performance had resumed without an escort or usher The Court pointed out that herein plaintiff Gilson did not asset a breach of any common law duty expected to the Opera House. The Court further elucidated that imposing a duty on the Opera House based on its house rules "would in effect, be punishing it for attempting to ensure an exceptional level of courtesy to the audience and the performers" which correspondingly will lead to a new and detailed standard of care for all theatrical venues. Similarly, the Court ruled that despite of the deficiency in the compliance with the City Building Code, the loss of balance and the fall of Mr. Taitts cannot be attributed to it. IT does not appear that it has been related to his inability to see his seat due to the inadequate lighting but it can be recognized as his difficulty in movement. Morgan Vertical Consultants, Inc. v. Arco Wentworth Mgmt. (2007 NY Slip Op 50554(U)) Supreme Court Queens County, New York. 2007 Facts: Plaintiff Morgan Vertical Consultants, Inc is a service provider for elevator maintenance and repair works, commences an action for the recovery of sum money for goods, labor and services among others pursuant to contracts with the sixteen cooperative which the defendant Arco Wentworth Mgmt. is the managing agent. It likewise includes allegation of unjust enrichment. Procedural History and Posture: Defendant Arco moves for a motion to dismiss the causes of action on the ground that there is no privity of contract between herein defendant Arco and Morgan. On the other hand, herein plaintiff alleges that herein defendant is estopped from asserting lack of privity of contract as an argument. Issues: 1. Is there a privity of contract between Morgan Vertical Consultants and Arco Wentworth Mgmt 2. Can Morgan interpose the defense of estoppel against Arco Decision: 1. The Court ruled in the negative. There is no privity of contract between the parties as evidenced by the separate contracts and the bills and invoices by Morgan Vertical Consultants. 2. The Court ruled in the negative. Plaintiff has failed to identify any representations or conduct of the defendant which caused the plaintiff to act to its detriments. Reasoning: The Court provides that obligations arising out of the contract are usually limited to the parties and only the parties to a contract are

Community and Citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community and Citizenship - Essay Example The latter is mainly about how the elements of capitalism and urban living have transformed the dynamics of the community from the solid communal relationship to a mere arena of exchanges that promote the interests of individuals. The traditional community becomes the more interesting of the two and we can see this as Robyn Ferrel narrated a rural Australian experience. In the narrative, there was the European attempt in establishing settlements and, consequently, in building new communities in an unchartered land. Such experience is characterized by several elements that are fundamental in several other discourses such as in understanding utopia, democracy and citizenship. From both of the pieces, Community and Pinjarra 1970, one finds that communities evolve. It does not follow, however, that when change occurs, the very concept of community is threatened to be eliminated. There is the lesson of history to remind us of the significance of the past and the traditions that holds soci ety together. Topic 2: Communitarian Identity In reading Mark Reinhardt and Seyla Banhabib’s works, it is easy to understand how communitarian identity is seen as the ideological opposition to the liberal identity.